What is the second level of decontamination called?

The second level of decontamination is known as disinfection. Disinfection involves using chemicals to eliminate most pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces and instruments, significantly reducing the number of viable microbes. This process does not necessarily destroy all microorganisms, particularly resistant spores, but it is effective against many harmful bacteria and viruses.

Disinfection plays a crucial role in infection control and is an essential step in preparing tools and surfaces for safe use, especially in settings like healthcare or beauty industries. By employing disinfectants, practitioners can ensure a higher level of safety for clients and themselves compared to cleaning or sanitation alone, which may not eliminate pathogens as effectively.

Sanitation, the first level of decontamination, primarily reduces the number of microorganisms to a safer level but may not effectively eliminate them. Sterilization is a more comprehensive process that destroys all forms of microbial life, including spores, and is typically reserved for equipment that requires complete sterility. Cleaning is the most basic level, focused on the physical removal of dirt and debris but does not kill or deactivate microbes. Thus, disinfection stands as the critical step that follows cleaning in the hierarchy of decontamination processes.